Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1/Long-wave-sensitive opsin 1 (UniProts: P04001; P04000; also known as Green cone photoreceptor pigment, Green-sensitive opsin, GOP/ Red cone photoreceptor pigment, Red-sensitive opsin, ROP) are encoded by the OPN1MW (also known as GCP)/OPN1LW (also known as RCP) genes in human. The full range of color discrimination in humans is based on the presence and function of three cone photoreceptors. Each cone type possesses a photo-sensitive pigment-protein complex consisting of 11-cis retinal and a unique opsin protein that gives sensitivity in the short (S cone, peak sensitivity about 420 nm), middle (M cone, peak sensitivity about 530 nm with polymorphism), and long (L cone, peak sensitivity about 560 nm with polymorphism) wavelengths of the light spectrum. Opsins are multi-pass membrane proteins that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. They consist of four extracellular, 7 helical, and four cytoplasmic domains. Genes for the three types of cone opsins and the rod photoreceptor rhodopsin gene seem to be homologous with varying amounts of conservation. Strongest conservation is between the middle (green) and long (red) wavelength sensitive pigments on the X chromosome, suggesting a relatively recent duplication/divergence event. The S cone (blue) opsin seems to have a stronger conservation with rhodopsin. Cone photoreceptor distribution in humans is dominated by the M and L cone pigments. Mutations in OPN1MW and OPN1LW genes are known to cause color blindness that is characterized by a dichromasy in which red and green are confused, without loss of luminance or shift or shortening of the spectrum. Some mutations also lead to cone dystrophy leading to progressive degeneration of the cone photoreceptor with some preservation of rod function. (Ref.: Neitz, M., and Neitz, J. (2000). Arch. Ophthalmol. 118(5); 691-700).，官网链接：https://www.sigmaaldrich.cn/product/mm/mabn2492 默克 科研、开发、生产。 作为生命科学行业的全球领先供应商，我们致力于为科研、生物技术开发和生产，以及制药药物疗法开发和生产提供各类解决方案和服务。

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